Poplar

From Encyclopedia Jr, free information reference for Kids

This article is about woody plants of the genus Populus. For other uses, see Poplar (disambiguation).

Poplar, Aspen, Cottonwood
Western Balsam Poplar foliage
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Malpighiales Family: Salicaceae Genus: Populus L.
Sections
Sect. Populus Sect. Aegiros Sect. Tacamahaca Sect. Leucoides Sect. Turanga

Populus is a genus of trees which includes the cottonwoods, poplars, and aspens, all of which are sometimes termed poplars (in some areas "popple").

Poplars are deciduous, and turn bright gold to yellow before their leaves fall. The leaves of many poplars, including the cottonwoods and aspens (but not the balsam poplars), have laterally-flattened stems, so that breezes easily cause the leaves to wobble back and forth, giving the whole tree a "twinkling" appearance in a breeze.

Like willows, many poplars have very strong and invasive root systems, so they must not be planted too close to houses or water pipes as they will crack walls and pipes in their search for moisture.

Poplars of the cottonwood section are often wetlands or riparian trees. The aspens are among the most important boreal broadleaf trees.

Poplars and aspens are important food plants for the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species - see list of Lepidoptera which feed on Poplars.

[edit] Classification

• Populus section Populus - aspens and white poplar. Circumpolar subarctic and cool temperate, and mountains further south (white poplar warm temperate)
  • Populus tremula - Common Aspen, Trembling Aspen or Eurasian Aspen. Europe, northern Asia.
  • Populus tremuloides - Quaking Aspen or Trembling Aspen. North America.
  • Populus grandidentata - Bigtooth Aspen. Eastern North America.
  • Populus adenopoda - Chinese Aspen. Eastern Asia.
  • Populus sieboldii - Japanese Aspen. Eastern Asia.
  • Populus alba - White Poplar. Southern Europe to central Asia.
    • Populus x canescens (P. alba x P. tremula) - Grey Poplar

A poplar in autumn colours

• Populus section Aegiros - black poplars or cottonwoods. North America, Europe, western Asia; temperate
  • Populus nigra - Black Poplar. Europe.
    • Populus x canadensis (P. nigra x P. deltoides) - Hybrid Black Poplar
  • Populus deltoides - Eastern Cottonwood. Eastern North America.
  • Populus fremontii - Fremont Cottonwood. Western North America.

• Populus section Tacamahaca - balsam poplars. North America, Asia; cool temperate
  • Populus angustifolia - Willow-leaved Poplar or Narrowleaf Cottonwood. Central North America.
  • Populus balsamifera - Ontario Balsam Poplar. Northern North America.
  • Populus trichocarpa - Western Balsam Poplar or Black Cottonwood. Western North America. A scientificly important species.
  • Populus laurifolia - Laurel-leaf Poplar. Central Asia.
  • Populus simonii - Simon's Poplar. Northeast Asia.
  • Populus maximowiczii - Maximowicz' Poplar. Northeast Asia.

• Populus section Leucoides - necklace poplars or bigleaf poplars. Eastern North America, eastern Asia; warm temperate
  • Populus heterophylla - Swamp Cottonwood. Southeastern North America.
  • Populus lasiocarpa - Chinese Necklace Poplar. Eastern Asia.
  • Populus wilsonii - Wilson's Poplar. Eastern Asia.

• Populus section Turanga - subtropical poplars. Southwest Asia, east Africa; subtropical to tropical
  • Populus euphratica - Euphrates Poplar. Southwest Asia.
  • Populus ilicifolia - Tana River Poplar. East Africa.

[edit] Cultivation and uses

Fast-growing hybrid poplars are grown on plantations in many areas for pulpwood and used for the manufacture of paper. The wood is generally white, often with a slightly yellowish cast. It is also sold as inexpensive hardwood timber, used for pallets and cheap plywood; more specialised uses include matches and the boxes in which camembert cheese is sold. Poplar wood is widely used in the snowboard industry for the snowboard "core", because it has exceptional flexibility. There has been some interest in using poplar as a biofuel.

In the September 2006 issue of Science, it was announced that the poplar is the first tree to have its full DNA code sequenced (published in full here).