Nightingale

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Nightingale
Conservation status
Least concern (LC)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae Genus: Luscinia Species: L. megarhynchos
Binomial name
Luscinia megarhynchos (Brehm, 1831)

This article is about the bird. For other uses, see Nightingale (disambiguation).

The Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos), also known as Rufous Nightingale and Common Nightingale, is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher, Muscicapidae. It, and similar small European species, is often called a chat.

It is a migratory insectivorous species breeding in forest and scrub in Europe and south-west Asia. The distribution is more southerly than the very closely related Thrush Nightingale Luscinia luscinia. It nests low in dense bushes. It winters in southern Africa.

The Nightingale is slightly larger than the European Robin, at 15-16.5 cm length. It is plain brown above except for the reddish tail. It is buff to white below. Sexes are similar.

The male Nightingale is known for his singing, to the extent that human singers are sometimes admiringly referred to as nightingales; the song is loud, with an impressive range of whistles, trills and gurgles. Although it also sings during the day, the Nightingale is unusual in singing late in the evening; its song is particularly noticeable at that time because few other birds are singing. This is why its name (in several languages) includes "night". Recent research has shown that the birds sing even more loudly in urban or near-urban environments, in order to overcome the background noise. The most characteristic feature of the song is a loud whistling crescendo, absent from the song of Thrush Nightingale. It has a frog-like alarm call.

The eastern races L. m. hafizi and L. m. africana have paler upperparts and a stronger face-pattern, including a pale supercilium.

[edit] Culture

• The Nightingale is the national bird of Iran.
• In popular traditions, the Nightingale announces the coming of spring, and is a symbol of love.
• The French traditional song The Nightingale Which Flies inspired Tchaikovsky when composing his Humoresque opus 10-2.

[edit] References

• BirdLife International (2004). Luscinia megarhynchos. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

[edit] External links

• Nightingale videos on the Internet Bird Collection

• Uncompressed high-quality Nightingale sound file on freesound

• High-quality Nightingale sound file on freesound