July 19

From Encyclopedia Jr, free information reference for Kids

July 19 is the 200th day (201st in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 165 days remaining.

[edit] Events

• 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
• 1333 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill - The final battle of the war.
• 1544 - Italian War of 1542: The Siege of Boulogne began.
• 1553 - Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after having that title for just nine days.
• 1588 - Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines - The Spanish Armada sighted in the English Channel.
• 1692 - Salem Witch Trials: Five women are hanged for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts.
• 1760 - The formal request to found the later city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico is filed by its founders.
• 1848 - Women's rights: The two day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York and the "Bloomers" are introduced at the feminist convention.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Morgan's Raid - At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
• 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
• 1873 - William Gosse becomes the first European to discover Ayers Rock (Uluru) and names it in honour of South Australian Premier Sir Henry Ayers.
• 1879 - Doc Holliday kills for the first time after a man shoots up Holliday's New Mexico saloon.
• 1912 - A meteorite with an estimated mass of 190 kg explodes over the town of Holbrook in Navajo County, Arizona causing approximately 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the town.
• 1919 - following peace day celebrations marking the end of World War I ex-servicemen rioted and burnt down Luton Town Hall
• 1940 - World War II: Battle of Cape Spada - The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.
• 1940 - World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.
• 1942 - World War II: Battle of the Atlantic - German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to the effective American convoy system.
• 1945 - Montgomery Ward is seized by United States Army troops at the direction of Attorney General Francis Biddle because of its refusal to obey National War Labor Board orders. Montgomery Ward chairman Seward Avery is carried out of his office by troops.
• 1947 - Burmese nationalist Aung San and 6 of his cabinet members were assassinated.
• 1963 - Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 metres (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.
• 1964 - Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
• 1967 - A Piedmont Airlines Boeing 727 and a Cessna 310 collided in mid-air over Hendersonville, North Carolina killing 82.
• 1971 - The South Tower of the World Trade Center is topped out at 1,362 feet, making it the second tallest building in the world.
• 1976 - Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
• 1979 - The Sandinista rebels overthrow the U.S.-backed government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
• 1985 - US Vice President George H. W. Bush announces that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe will become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the Space Shuttle (see Space Shuttle Challenger).
• 1985 - The Val di Stava dam collapse killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
• 1989 - United Airlines flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 of the 296 passengers.
• 2001 - UK politician and novelist Jeffrey Archer, Lord Archer of Weston-super-Mare, is sentenced to four years in prison for perjury and perverting the course of justice.
• 2006 - Dublin City FC cease trading and withdraw from the Eircom Premier League.
• 2006 - A rocket fired by the Lebanese Shia militant group Hezbollah as part of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict killed two children in the hometown of Jesus Christ - Nazareth.

[edit] Births

• 1670 - Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758)
• 1688 - Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
• 1759 - Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833)
• 1789 - John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
• 1814 - Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
• 1819 - Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
• 1834 - Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
• 1860 - Lizzie Borden, American accused murderess (d. 1927)
• 1865 - Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
• 1876 - Joseph Fielding Smith, 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
• 1877 - Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
• 1883 - Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and film producer (d. 1972)
• 1893 - Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930)
• 1894 - Khawaja Nazimuddin, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
• 1894 - Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959)
• 1896 - A.J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981)
• 1898 - Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979)
• 1914 - Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005)
• 1917 - William Scranton, American politician
• 1921 - Rosalyn Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate
• 1922 - George McGovern, American politican
• 1924 - Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005)
• 1926 - Helen Gallagher, American actress, Ryan's Hope
• 1934 - Francisco Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
• 1938 - Jayant Narlikar, Indian Astrophysicist
• 1941 - Vikki Carr, American singer
• 1946 - Alan Gorrie, Scottish musician (Average White Band)
• 1946 - Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player
• 1947 - Bernie Leadon, American musician (The Eagles)
• 1947 - Brian May, English guitarist (Queen)
• 1948 - Keith Godchaux, American musician (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980)
• 1950 - Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance
• 1950 - Freddy Moore, American songwriter
• 1952 - Allen Collins, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990)
• 1952 - Robert A. Ficano, County Executive for Wayne County, Michigan (Detroit and environs)
• 1954 - Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist
• 1956 - Nikki Sudden, musician (d. 2006)
• 1958 - Reuben Kane, American professional wrestler
• 1960 - Atom Egoyan, Canadian filmmaker
• 1961 - Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast
• 1961 - Benoît Mariage, Belgian film director
• 1962 - Anthony Edwards, American actor
• 1965 - Stuart Scott, American sportscaster
• 1968 - Robert Flynn, American musician (Machine Head)
• 1973 - Martin Powell, English musician (Cradle of Filth)
• 1973 - Scott Walker, Canadian hockey player
• 1974 - Preston Wilson, Baseball player
• 1976 - Vinessa Shaw, American Actress
• 1977 - Charles John Spencer, American professional wrestler
• 1978 - Topher Grace, American actor
• 1979 - Luke Young, English footballer
• 1979 - Rick Ankiel, Baseball pitcher
• 1981 - Didz Hammond, bassist/backing vocalist (Dirty Pretty Things and The Cooper Temple Clause)
• 1981 - Chris Spicuzza, American musician (Chimaira)
• 1982 - Jared Padalecki, American actor
• 1982 - Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
• 1983 - Lia 19, Internet softcore pornstar / model
• 1984 - Adam Morrison, American basketball player

[edit] Deaths

• 514 - Pope Symmachus, Italian clergy (b. 498)
• 931 - Uda, Emperor of Japan (b. 867)
• 1374 - Petrarch, Italian poet (b. 1304)
• 1415 - Philippa of Lancaster, wife of John I of Portugal (plague) (b. 1359)
• 1543 - Lady Mary Boleyn, mistress of King Henry VIII of England
• 1742 - William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
• 1810 - Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
• 1814 - Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of Australia (b. 1774)
• 1838 - Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
• 1850 - Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810)
• 1857 - Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1796)
• 1868 - Soji Okita, Japanese samurai (b. 1842 or 1844)
• 1910 - Johann Gottfried Galle, German astronomer (b. 1812)
• 1947 - Aung San, Burmese nationalist (assassinated) (b. 1915)
• 1947 - U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
• 1965 - Syngman Rhee, first President of South Korea (b. 1875)
• 1972 - Hezekiah M. Washburn, missionary (b. 1884)
• 1980 - Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (assassinated) (b. 1912)
• 1985 - Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish writer (b. 1938)
• 1990 - Eddie Quillan, American actor (b. 1907)
• 1998 - Elmer Valo, baseball player (b. 1921)
• 2002 - Alan Lomax, American folksong collector (b. 1915)
• 2003 - Bill Bright, American evangelist (b. 1921)
• 2003 - Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1908)
• 2004 - Reverend Francis Marzen, American Catholic prelate (b. 1924)
• 2004 - Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
• 2005 - John Tyndall, British politician (b. 1934)
• 2006 - Jack Warden, American actor (b. 1920)

[edit] Holidays and observances

• Roman festivals - Lucaria.
• Malaysia - Birthday of the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.
• Myanmar - Martyr's Day.
• Nicaragua - National Liberation Day.

[edit] Liturgical Feasts

• Saint Arsenius, abbot (sometimes only monk), confessor died 449 [common]
• Saint Bernulf, died 1054
• Saint Martin of Trier, bishop of Trier, martyr [Trier]
• Saint Symmachus, pope
• Saint Vincent de Paul
• Saint Christine, virgin, martyr [Augsburg, Freising, Paderborn]
• Saints Justa and Rufina, martyrs [southern France]
• Saint Justine [Paris, as Saint-Just]
• Saint Machrina
• Saint Margaret, virgin, martyr [Lausanne, Sitten]
• Saint Rufina, virgin, martyr [Metz, France]

[edit] External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

July 18 - July 20 - June 19 - August 19 -- listing of all days