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A fakir or faqir (Perso-Arabic: فقیر, Devanagari: फ़क़ीर 'poor') is a Sufi, especially one who performs feats of endurance or apparent magic. [1] Derived from faqr (فقر Arabic), Lit: poverty. [2]
The word is usually used to refer to either the spiritual recluse or eremite or the common street beggar who chants holy names, scriptures or verses. Its current idiomatic usage developed primarily in Mughal-era India, where the term was injected into local idiom through the Persian-speaking courts of Muslim rulers. When used referring to somber spiritual miracle-makers, fakir is applied primarily to Sufi, but also Hindu, ascetics.
Many stereotypes of the great fakir exist, among the more extreme being the picture of a near-naked man effortlessly walking barefoot on burning coals, sitting or sleeping on a bed of nails, levitating during bouts of meditation, or "living on air" (refusing all food). It is also used, usually sarcastically, for a common street beggar who chants holy names, scriptures or verses without ostensibly having any spiritual advancement.
It has become a common Urdu and Hindi word for a beggar. When applied to Hindu mystics, the term is essentially a non-Indian word for:
- Sadhus
- Gurus
- Swamis
- Yogis
In India many people have been afraid of the Fakirs' curse power.[citation needed]
[edit] Gurdjieff
In the Fourth Way teaching of G. I. Gurdjieff the word fakir is used to denote the specifically physical path of development, compared with the word yogi (which Gurdjieff used for a path of mental development) and monk (which he used for the path of emotional development). [3]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Dictionary.com & Wiktionary.org
- ^ God Speaks, Meher Baba, Dodd Meade, 1955, 2nd Ed. p. 305
- ^ The Fourth Way: Teachings of G.I. Gurdjieff, P.D. Ouspensky, Random House USA, 2000