August 19

From Encyclopedia Jr, free information reference for Kids

August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 134 days remaining.

[edit] Events

• 293 BC - Oldest known Roman temple to Venus Libitina founded on the Esquiline Hill; institution of Vinalia Rustica begins.
• 43 BC - Octavian, later Augustus, compels the senate to elect him Consul.
• 14 AD - Octavian, later Augustus, dies.
• 1504 - Battle of Knockdoe.
• 1561 - Queen Mary Stuart returns to Scotland.
• 1692 - Salem Witch Trials: In Salem, Massachusetts, USA five women and a clergyman are executed after being convicted of witchcraft.
• 1745 - Jacobite Rising, Prince Charles Edward Stuart lands from a French warship in Glenfinnan, raises his standard and marches on London - the start of the Second Jacobite Rebellion known as "the 45".
• 1768 - Saint Isaac's Cathedral is founded in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
• 1782 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Blue Licks - The last major engagement of the war, almost ten months after the surrender of the British commander Lord Cornwallis following the Siege of Yorktown.
• 1812 - War of 1812: American frigate USS Constitution defeats the British frigate HMS Guerrière off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada earning her nickname "Old Ironsides".
• 1813 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's second triumvirate.
• 1839 - Presentation of Jacque Daguerre's new photographic process to the French Academy of Sciences.
• 1848 - California Gold Rush: The New York Herald breaks the news to the East Coast of the United States of the gold rush in California (although the rush started in January).
• 1862 - Indian Wars: During an uprising in Minnesota, Lakota warriors decide not to attack heavily-defended Fort Ridgely and instead turn to the settlement of New Ulm, killing white settlers along the way.
• 1895 - American frontier murderer and outlaw, John Wesley Hardin, is killed by an off-duty policeman in a saloon in El Paso, Texas.
• 1919 - Afghanistan gains full independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1929 - The radio comedy show Amos and Andy makes its NBC debut starring Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll.
• 1934 - The first All-American Soap Box Derby is held in Dayton, Ohio.
• 1934 - The creation of the position Führer approved by the German electorate with 89.9% of the popular vote.
• 1942 - World War II: Operation Jubilee - The 2nd Canadian Infantry Division leads an allied forces amphibious assault on Dieppe, France.
• 1944 - World War II: Liberation of Paris - Paris rises against German occupation with the help of Allied troops.
• 1945 - Vietnam War: Viet Minh led by Ho Chi Minh take power in Hanoi, Vietnam.
• 1953 - Cold War: The CIA helps to overthrow the government of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran and reinstate the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
• 1955 - In the Northeast United States, severe flooding caused by Hurricane Diane, claims 200 lives.
• 1960 - Cold War: In Moscow, downed American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers is sentenced to ten years imprisonment by the Soviet Union for espionage.
• 1960 - Sputnik program: Sputnik 5 - The Soviet Union launches the satellite with the dogs Belka and Strelka, 40 mice, 2 rats and a variety of plants.
• 1961 - The Australian public-affairs show Four Corners starts on the ABC.
• 1965 - Japanese prime minister Eisaku Sato becomes the first post-World War II sitting prime minister to visit Okinawa.
• 1975 - The cricket test match between England and Australia is called off after the pitch is vandalised by supporters of George Davis.
• 1980 - Saudia Flight 163, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar burns after making an emergency landing at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, killing 301 people.
• 1981 - Gulf of Sidra Incident: United States fighters intercept and shoot down two Libyan Sukhoi Su-22 fighter jets over the Gulf of Sidra.
• 1987 - Hungerford Massacre: In the United Kingdom, Michael Ryan kills sixteen people with an assault rifle and then commits suicide.
• 1989 - Polish president Wojciech Jaruzelski nominates Solidarity activist Tadeusz Mazowiecki to be the first non-communist Prime Minister in 42 years.
• 1989 - Raid on offshore pirate station, Radio Caroline in North Sea by British and Dutch governments.
• 1990 - Leonard Bernstein conducts his final concert, ending with Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 7.
• 1991 - Collapse of the Soviet Union: Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev placed under house arrest while on holiday in the town of Foros, Crimea.
• 1999 - In Belgrade, tens of thousands of Serbians rally to demand the resignation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia President Slobodan Milošević.
• 2002 - A Russian Mi-26 helicopter carrying troops is hit by a Chechen missile outside of Grozny, killing 118 soldiers.
• 2003 - A car-bomb attack on UN headquarters in Iraq kills the agency's top envoy Sergio Vieira de Mello and 21 other employers.
• 2005 - The first-ever joint military exercise between Russia and China, called Peace Mission 2005 begins.

[edit] Births

• 1398 - Marqués de Santillana, Spanish poet (d. 1458)
• 1557 - Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1608)
• 1590 - Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, English soldier (d. 1649)
• 1596 - Elizabeth of Bohemia (d. 1662)
• 1621 - Gerbrand van den Eeckhout, Dutch painter (d. 1674)
• 1631 - John Dryden, English poet (d. 1700)
• 1646 - John Flamsteed, English astronomer (d. 1719)
• 1686 - Eustace Budgell, English writer (d. 1737)
• 1686 - Nicola Porpora, Italian composer (d. 1768)
• 1689 - Samuel Richardson, English writer (d. 1761)
• 1711 - Edward Boscawen, British admiral (d. 1761)
• 1743 - Madame du Barry, French courtesan (d. 1793)
• 1846 - Luis Martín, Spanish Superior-General of the Society of Jesus (d. 1906)
• 1853 - Aleksei Brusilov, Russian general (d. 1926)
• 1870 - Bernard Baruch, American financier (d. 1965)
• 1871 - Orville Wright, American aviation pioneer (d. 1948)
• 1875 - Stjepan Seljan, Croatian explorer (d. 1936)
• 1878 - Manuel Quezon, President of the Philippines (d. 1944)
• 1881 - George Enescu, Romanian composer (d. 1955)
• 1883 - Coco Chanel, French clothing designer (d. 1971)
• 1883 - Elsie Ferguson, American film actress (d. 1961)
• 1892 - Alfred Lunt, American actor (d. 1977)
• 1896 - Olga Baclanova, Russian-born actress (d. 1974)
• 1902 - Ogden Nash, American poet (d. 1971)
• 1906 - Philo T. Farnsworth, American inventor (d. 1971)
• 1907 - Thruston B. Morton, American politician (d. 1982)
• 1913 - Richard Simmons, American actor (d. 2003)
• 1914 - Lajos Baróti, Hungarian footballer (d. 2005)
• 1915 - Ring Lardner, Jr., American actor (d. 2000)
• 1919 - Malcolm Forbes, American publisher (d. 1990)
• 1921 - Gene Roddenberry, American television producer (d. 1991)
• 1925 - Claude Gauvreau, Canadian playwright (d. 1971)
• 1926 - Arthur Rock, American venture capitalist
• 1930 - Frank McCourt, Irish-American author
• 1931 - Willie Shoemaker, American jockey (d. 2003)
• 1934 - Renee Richards, American physician
• 1935 - Bobby Richardson, American baseball player
• 1938 - Diana Muldaur, American actress
• 1939 - Ginger Baker, English musician
• 1940 - Johnny Nash, American singer
• 1940 - Jill St. John, American actress
• 1942 - Fred Dalton Thompson, American politician
• 1944 - Bodil Malmsten, Swedish writer
• 1944 - Charles B. Wang, Chinese-born philanthropist
• 1945 - Ian Gillan, English singer
• 1946 - Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States
• 1946 - Beat Raaflaub, Swiss conductor
• 1947 - Gerard Schwarz, American conductor
• 1948 - Gerald McRaney, American actor
• 1948 - Tipper Gore, Second Lady of the United States
• 1950 - Jennie Bond, British journalist
• 1951 - John Deacon, English musician (Queen)
• 1952 - Jonathan Frakes, American actor and director
• 1955 - Peter Gallagher, American actor
• 1956 - Adam Arkin, American actor
• 1957 - Li-Young Lee, Indonesia-born American poet
• 1958 - Anthony Muñoz, American football player
• 1958 - Gary Gaetti, American baseball player
• 1960 - Morten Andersen, American football player
• 1963 - John Stamos, American actor
• 1963 - Yip Sai Wing, Hong Kong songwriter, singer and the drummer of the Hong Kong rock band Beyond
• 1963 - Joey Tempest, Swedish singer (Europe)
• 1964 - Whitney Prescott, American model
• 1965 - Kyra Sedgwick, American actress
• 1966 - Lee Ann Womack, American musician
• 1969 - Matthew Perry, Canadian actor
• 1969 - Nate Dogg, American rapper
• 1970 - Fat Joe, American rapper
• 1972 - Roberto Abbondanzieri, Argentine footballer
• 1973 - Crown Princess Mette Marit of Norway
• 1973 - Callum Blue, British actor
• 1973 - Marco Materazzi, Italian footballer
• 1973 - Lilian Garcia, Professional wrestling announcer
• 1975 - Tracie Thoms, American actress
• 1979 - Dave Douglas, American musician (Relient K)
• 1979 - Jennifer Morrison, American actress
• 1980 - Jun Jin, rapper in Korean group Shinhwa
• 1980 - Darius Danesh, Scottish singer
• 1982 - Erika Christensen, American actress
• 1983 - Missy Higgins, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1983 - Tammin Sursok, Australian actress
• 1983 - Mike Conway, British racing driver
• 1984 - Micah Alberti, American actor
• 1987 - Anais Lameche, Swedish singer (Play)
• 1987 - Richard Stearman, English footballer
• 1989 - Lil Romeo, American rapper, actor.

[edit] Deaths

• 14 - Augustus, Roman Emperor (b. 63 BC)
• 1186 - Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1158)
• 1245 - Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence (b. 1195)
• 1284 - Alphonso, Earl of Chester, son of Edward I of England (b. 1273)
• 1297 - Saint Louis of Toulouse, French Catholic bishop (b. 1274)
• 1493 - Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1415)
• 1580 - Andrea Palladio, Italian architect (b. 1508)
• 1646 - Alexander Henderson, Scottish theologian
• 1662 - Blaise Pascal, French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher (b. 1623)
• 1753 - Balthasar Neumann, German architect (b. 1687)
• 1819 - James Watt, Scottish inventor (b. 1736)
• 1822 - Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, French mathematician (b. 1749)
• 1889 - Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, French writer (b. 1838)
• 1895 - John Wesley Hardin, American gunfighter (b. 1853)
• 1900 - Jean-Baptiste Accolay, Belgian composer (b. 1833)
• 1914 - Franz Xavier Wernz, German Superior General of the Society of Jesus (b. 1844)
• 1923 - Vilfredo Pareto, Italian sociologist and economist (b. 1845)
• 1929 - Sergei Diaghilev, Russian ballet impresario (b. 1872)
• 1936 - Federico García Lorca, Spanish author (b. 1898)
• 1944 - Günther von Kluge, German field marshal (b. 1882)
• 1945 - Tomas Burgos, Chilean philanthropist (b.1875)
• 1950 - Giovanni Giorgi, Italian physicist (b. 1871)
• 1954 - Alcide De Gasperi, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1881)
• 1957 - David Bomberg, English painter (b. 1890)
• 1957 - Carl-Gustaf Rossby, Swedish meteorologist (b. 1898)
• 1959 - Jacob Epstein, American-born sculptor (b. 1880)
• 1967 - Hugo Gernsback, Luxembourg-born editor and publisher (b. 1884)
• 1968 - George Gamow, Ukrainian-born physicist (b. 1904)
• 1969 - Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, German architect (b. 1886)
• 1970 - Paweł Jasienica, Polish historian (b. 1909)
• 1975 - Jim Londos, wrestler (b. 1897)
• 1976 - Alastair Sim, Scottish actor and rector of Edinburgh University (b. 1900)
• 1977 - Groucho Marx, American comedian and actor (b. 1890)
• 1980 - Otto Frank, Father of Anne Frank (b. 1889)
• 1982 - August Neo, Estonian wrestler (b. 1908)
• 1994 - Linus Pauling, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Peace (b. 1901)
• 1995 - Pierre Schaeffer, French composer (b. 1910)
• 2000 - Antonio Pugliese, Italian professional wrestler (b. 1941)
• 2003 - Carlos Roberto Reina, President of Honduras (b. 1926)
• 2003 - Sérgio Vieira de Mello, Brazilian diplomat (b. 1948)
• 2005 - Bueno de Mesquita, Dutch comedian and actor (b. 1918)
• 2005 - Mo Mowlam, British politician (b. 1949)

Do not add people without Encyclopedia Jr articles to this list Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence. -->

[edit] Holidays and observances

• Roman festivals - Vinalia Rustica celebrated in honor of Venus Libitina commemorating the founding of the oldest known temple to her, on the Esquiline Hill, in 293 BC on this date.
• RC saints - Saint Sebald, Saint Louis of Toulouse, Jean-Eudes de Mézeray.
• Russian Orthodox Church celebrates the Saviour's Transfiguration, popularly known as the "Apples Feast" (it's the first day of the year when eating apples is allowed).
• Afghanistan - Afghan Independence Day see above: 1919
• National Day of the Filipino Language, Philippines - Holiday for Quezon City, Quezon Province and other municipalities named after Manuel Quezon.
• National Aviation Day, USA.

[edit] External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

August 18 - August 20 - July 19 - September 19 -- listing of all days