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1985
From Encyclopedia Jr, free information reference for Kids
- This article is about the year. For Anthony Burgess's novel, see Nineteen Eighty-Five. For the song by Bowling for Soup, see 1985 (song). For the album by Rufio, see MCMLXXXV.
| 1985 by topic: |
| Arts |
Architecture - Art - Film - Literature
Music (Country, UK) - Television - Home video |
| Science and technology |
Archaeology - Aviation
Meteorology - Rail transport - Radio - Science |
| By country |
Australia - Canada - France - Germany - India
Ireland - Malaysia - Mexico - New Zealand - Pakistan
Singapore - South Africa - UK - Wales - Zimbabwe |
| Other topics |
| Awards - Sport - Law - State leaders - Sovereign states - Religious leaders - Video gaming |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births - Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments - Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| Works |
1985 in other calendars
| Gregorian calendar |
1985
MCMLXXXV |
| Ab urbe condita |
2738 |
| Armenian calendar |
1434
ԹՎ ՌՆԼԴ |
| Chinese calendar |
4681 – 4682
甲子 – 乙丑 |
| Ethiopian calendar |
1977 – 1978 |
| Hebrew calendar |
5745 – 5746 |
| Hindu calendars |
|
| - Vikram Samvat |
2040 – 2041 |
| - Shaka Samvat |
1907 – 1908 |
| - Kali Yuga |
5086 – 5087 |
| Iranian calendar |
1363 – 1364 |
| Islamic calendar |
1406 – 1407 |
1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
It was declared International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events
January
- January 1 - The first British mobile phone call is made (by Ernie Wise to Vodafone).
- January 3 - Ethiopian Jews settle in Israel.
- January 17 - British Telecom announces it is going to phase out its famous red telephone boxes.
- January 20 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan is sworn in for a second term in office.
- January 28 - In Hollywood, California, We Are the World, a 1985 song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, produced and conducted by Quincy Jones, is recorded by a supergroup of popular musicians billed as USA for Africa. The charity single is intended to raise funds to help famine relief efforts in Ethiopia. In all, 45 musicians attend the recording session, including Bob Geldof, who had arranged the Band Aid effort in the United Kingdom, and would later help organise the Live 8 effort. Lead vocals rotate among 21 of the performers, including Kenny Rogers, Lionel Richie, Michael Jackson, Tina Turner, Billy Joel, Steve Perry, Bob Dylan and Bruce Springsteen.
February
March
- March 4 - The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS, used since then to screen all blood donations in the United States.
- March 6 - Mike Tyson makes his professional debut in Albany, New York, a match which he wins by a first round knockout.
- March 11 - Mikhail Gorbachev becomes the General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party and de facto leader of the Soviet Union.
- March 11 - Mohammed Al Fayed buys the London-based department store company Harrods.
- March 14 - Five lionesses at the Singapore Zoo are put on birth control after the lion population increases from 2 to 16.
- March 16 - Associated Press newsman Terry Anderson is taken hostage in Beirut. He will be released on December 4, 1991.
- March 24 - Norwich City FC wins the English League Cup at Wembley Stadium, beating Sunderland 1-0 in the final.
- March 31- The first Wrestlemania was held, with Muhammud Ali as special guest referee.
April
- April 15 - South Africa ends its ban on interracial marriages.
- April 19 - The U.S.S.R performs a nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan.
- April 23 - Coca-Cola changes its formula and releases New Coke. (The response is overwhelmingly negative, and the original formula is back on the market in less than 3 months.)
- April 28 - The Australian Nuclear Disarmament Party (NDP) splits.
May
The hijackers of TWA Flight 847 in the cockpit of the plane.
- May 5 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan joins German Chancellor Helmut Kohl for a controversial funeral service at a cemetery in Bitburg, Germany, which includes the graves of 59 elite S.S. troops from World War II.
- May 11 - The FBI brings charges against the suspected heads of the 5 Mafia families in New York City.
- May 11 - Fire engulfs a wooden stand in the Valley Parade stadium in Bradford, England during a football match, killing 56.
- May 13 - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Mayor Wilson Goode orders police to storm the radical group's MOVE headquarters to end a stand-off. The police drop an explosive device into the headquarters, killing 11 MOVE members and destroying the homes of 61 city residents in the resulting fire.
- May 15 - An explosive device sent by the Unabomber injures John Hauser at UC Berkeley.
- May 23 - Thomas Patrick Cavanagh is sentenced to life in prison for attempting to sell stealth bomber secrets to the Soviet Union.
- May 25 - Bangladesh is hit by a tropical cyclone and storm surge, which kills approximately 10,000 people.
- May 29 - Heysel Disaster: 38 spectators are killed in rioting on the terraces during the European Cup final between Liverpool F.C. and Juventus at Heysel Stadium in Brussels, Belgium.
- May 31 - Forty-one tornadoes hit in Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Ontario, leaving 76 dead.
June
- June 13 - In Auburn, Washington, police defuse a Unabomber bomb sent to Boeing.
- June 14 - TWA Flight 847, carrying 153 passengers from Athens to Rome, is hijacked by a Hezbollah fringe group. One passenger, U.S. Navy Petty Officer Robert Stethem, is killed.
- June 23 - Air India Flight 182, a Boeing 747, blows up 31,000 feet (9,500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, south of Ireland, killing all 329 aboard.
- June 25 - Irish police foil an IRA-sponsored 'mainland bombing campaign' which targeted luxury vacationing resorts, arresting 13 suspects.
July
- July 3 - The sci-fi comedy Back To The Future is released in the U.S.
It becomes the year's biggest box office hit, earning $210,000,000.
- July 4 - Ruth Lawrence, 13, achieves a first in mathematics at Oxford University, becoming the youngest British person ever to earn a first-class degree and the youngest known graduate of Oxford University.
- July 10 - The Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior is bombed and sunk in Auckland harbour by French DGSE agents.
- July 13 - Live Aid pop concerts in Philadelphia and London raise over £50 million for famine relief in Ethiopia.
- July 19 - U.S. Vice President George H.W. Bush announces that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe will become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger.
- July 20 - The main ship wreck site of the Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de Atocha (which sank in 1622) is found 40 miles off the coast of Key West, Florida by treasure hunters who begin to excavate $400 million in coins and silver.
August
- August 2 - Delta Air Lines Flight 191 crashes in Dallas, Texas, killing 137 people.
- August 6 - In Hiroshima, tens of thousands mark the 40th anniversary of the atomic bombing of the city.
- August 7 - Takao Doi, Mamoru Mohri and Chiaki Mukai are chosen to be Japan's first astronauts.
September
- September 1 - A joint American-French expedition locates the wreck of the RMS Titanic.
- September 5 - John Howard replaces Andrew Peacock as Australian Federal Opposition Leader.
- September 6 - Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105, a Douglas DC-9 crashes just after takeoff from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, killing 31.
- September 19 - An 8.1 Richter scale earthquake strikes Mexico City. More than 9,000 people are killed, 30,000 injured, and 95,000 left homeless.
October
- October 1 - The Israeli air force bombs PLO Headquarters in Tunis.
- October 7 - The cruise ship Achille Lauro is hijacked in the Mediterranean Sea by 4 heavily armed Palestinian terrorists. One passenger, American Leon Klinghoffer, is killed.
November
- November 13 - Nevado del Ruiz erupts, killing an estimated 23,000 people, including 21,000 killed by lahars in the town of Armero.
- November 15 - In separate events, mail bombs kill two people in Salt Lake City, Utah; a third bomb explodes the next day, injuring career counterfeiter Mark Hoffman. The ensuing police investigation leads to the arrest of Hoffman for the two murders.
- November 18 - The first Calvin and Hobbes comic strip, drawn by Bill Watterson, is printed in a handful of newspapers.
- November 19 - Cold War: In Geneva, U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time.
- November 20 - Microsoft Corporation releases the first version of Windows, Windows 1.0.
- November 26 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan sells the rights to his autobiography to Random House for a record US$3 million.
- November 28 - Gerard Hoarau, exiled political leader from the Seychelles, is assassinated in London.
December
- December 1 - The Ford Taurus is revealed to the public. It would become one of Ford's biggest successes ever.
- December 12 - Arrow Air Flight 1285, a DC-8, crashes after takeoff in Gander, Newfoundland, killing 256, 248 of whom were U.S. servicemen returning to Fort Campbell, Kentucky from overseeing a peacekeeping force in Sinai.
- December 16 - In New York City, Mafia bosses Paul Castellano and Thomas Bilotti are shot dead in front of Spark's Steak House, making hit organizer John Gotti the leader of the powerful Gambino organized crime family.
- December 24 - Right wing extremist David Lewis Rice murders civil rights attorney Charles Goldmark as well as Goldmark's wife and 2 children in Seattle. Rice suspected the family of being Jewish and Communist and claimed his dedication to the Christian Identity movement drove him to the crime.
- December 27 - Rome and Vienna airport attacks: Abu Nidal terrorists open fire in the airports of Rome and Vienna, leaving 18 dead and 120 injured.
- December 27 - American naturalist Dian Fossey is found murdered in Rwanda.
- December 31 - The last issue of The Columbus Citizen-Journal is circulated.
Environmental and weather change
- Asian tiger mosquito, an invasive species is first found in Houston, Texas
- November 13 - The volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupts in Colombia, killing an estimated 23,000 people.
- Famine in Ethiopia continues - Live Aid attempts to raise funds for famine relief.
Unknown date
- Victoria celebrates its 150th anniversary.
- Capital gains tax introduced to Australia.
- Buckyballs discovered by Harold Kroto, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley.
- GNU Manifesto first written by Richard Stallman.
- Western Sahara is admitted to the Organization of African Unity; Morocco, which claims Western Sahara, leaves in protest.
- Solarquest, space age real estate game, first published by Golden.
- Free Software Foundation founded.
- Norma Phillips Thornworth elected president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
- ATI Technologies is founded.
- NeXT is founded by Steve Jobs after he resigned from Apple Computer.
World population
- World population: 4,830,979,000
- Africa: 541,814,000
- Asia: 2,887,552,000
- Europe: 706,009,000
- Latin-America: 401,469,000
- Northern America: 269,456,000
- Oceania: 24,678,000
Births
January
- January 1 - Steven Davis, Northern Irish footballer
- January 2 - Heather O'Reilly, US Women's national soccer player
- January 17 - Simone Simons, Dutch singer
- January 19 - Rika Ishikawa, Japanese singer and host of television and radio programs
- January 28 - Michelle Gardner-Quinn, American murder victim (d. 2006)
February
- February 1 - Dean Shiels, Northern Irish footballer
- February 5 - Cristiano Ronaldo, Portuguese footballer
- February 7 - Clara Bryant, American actress
- February 7 - Tina Majorino, American actress
- February 9 - Rachel Melvin, American actress
- February 10 - Anette Sagen, Norwegian ski jumper
- February 11 - William Beckett, American singer
- February 14 - Natsume Sano, Japanese gravure idol
- February 18 - Lee Boyd Malvo, American serial killer
- February 19 - Haylie Duff, American actress and singer
- February 19 - Arielle Kebbel, American actress
- February 26 - Miki Fujimoto, Japanese singer
- February 27 - Abe Asami, Japanese singer and actress
- February 28 - FeFe Dobson, Canadian singer
- February 28 - Jelena Janković, Serbian tennis player
March
- March 2 - Reggie Bush, American football player
- March 2 - Robert Iler, American actor
- March 3 - Sam Morrow, Northern Irish footballer
- March 11 - Paul Bissonnette, Canadian hockey player
- March 13 - Emile Hirsch, American actor
- March 15 - Antti Autti, Finnish snowboarder
- March 24 - Haruka Ayase, Japanese actress and model
- March 26 - Keira Knightley, English actress
April
- April 12 - Hitomi Yoshizawa, Japanese singer
- April 18 - Łukasz Fabiański, Polish footballer
- April 24 - Kaori Nazuka, Japanese seiyu (voice actress)
May
- May 2 - Sarah Hughes, American figure skater
- May 2 - Lily Allen, British Singer
- May 6 - Chris Paul, American basketball player
- May 25 - Luciana Abreu, Portuguese singer and actress
- May 27 - Chien-Ming Chiang, Taiwanese baseball player
June
- June 9 - Sebastian Telfair, Boston Celtics
- June 12 - Tasha-Ray Evin, Canadian singer/guitarist (Lillix)
- June 17 - Marcos Baghdatis, Cypriot tennis player
- June 20 - April Matson, American actress
- June 26 - Urgyen Trinley Dorje, Tibetan Buddhist spiritual leader
- June 27 - Svetlana Kuznetsova, Russian tennis player
- June 27 - Nico Rosberg, German Formula One driver
- June 28 - Phillip Bardsley, English footballer
- June 30 - Michael Phelps, American swimmer
July
- July 2 - Ashley Tisdale, American actress
- July 5 - Nick O'Malley, British musician (Arctic Monkeys)
- July 8 - Jamie Cook, British musician (Arctic Monkeys)
- July 12 - Emil Hegle Svendsen, Norwegian biathlete
- July 17 - Tom Fletcher, British musician (McFly)
- July 24 - Teagan Presley, American porn star
- July 25 - James Lafferty, American actor and athlete
- July 28 - Dustin Milligan, Canadian actor
August
- August 9 - Hayley Peirsol, American swimmer
September
October
- October 5 - Nicola Roberts, British singer (Girls Aloud)
- October 5 - Evan Longoria, Professional baseball player
- October 10 - Dominique Cornu, Belgian professional cyclist
- October 11 - Michelle Trachtenberg, American actress
- October 12 - Gareth Hussey, British radiopresenter
- October 14 - Sherlyn, Mexican actress
- October 14 - Daniel Clark, Canadian actor
- October 22 - Zachary Hanson, American musician
- October 24 - Wayne Rooney, English footballer
- October 25 - Ciara, American singer
November
December
Deaths
January
March
April
May
- May 4 - Clarence Wiseman, the 10th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1907)
- May 5 - Sir Donald Bailey, British civil engineer (b. 1901)
- May 8 - Theodore Sturgeon, American writer (b. 1918)
- May 9 - Edmond O'Brien, American actor (b. 1915)
- May 10 - Chester Gould, American cartoonist (b. 1900)
- May 12 - Jean Dubuffet, French artist (b. 1901)
- May 16 - Margaret Hamilton, American actress (b. 1902)
- May 17 - Abe Burrows, American songwriter, composer, and writer (b. 1910)
June
- June 11 - Karen Ann Quinlan, American right-to-die cause célèbre (b. 1954)
- June 12 - Hua Luogeng, Chinese mathematician (b. 1910)
- June 15 - Andy Stanfield, American athlete (b. 1927)
July
- July 2 - David Purley, British race car driver (b. 1945)
- July 9 - Jimmy Kinnon, Scottish founder of Narcotics Anonymous (b. 1911)
- July 16 - Heinrich Böll, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
- July 19 - Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish writer (b. 1938)
- July 27 - John Scarne, American magician and card expert (b. 1903)
August
- August 6 - Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (b. 1923)
- August 12 - Manfred Winkelhock, German race car driver (b. 1951)
- August 12 - Kyu Sakamoto, Japanese singer, well known by his most famous song, "Sukiyaki", killed in the crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123 (b. 1941)
- August 25 - Samantha Smith, American schoolgirl activist (b. 1972)
- August 31 - Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1899)
September
- September 6 - Isabel Cox-Meighen, wife of Canadian prime minister Arthur Meighen (b. 1882)
- September 6 - Little Brother Montgomery, American musician
- September 7 - Rodney Robert Porter, English biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1917)
- September 8 - John Franklin Enders, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1887)
- September 9 - Paul Flory, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
- September 11 - William Alwyn, English composer (b. 1905)
- September 19 - Italo Calvino, Italian writer (b. 1923)
October
- October 1 - E.B. White, American writer (b. 1899)
- October 2 - Rock Hudson, American actor (b. 1925)
- October 2 - George Savalas, American actor, brother of Telly Savalas (b. 1924)
- October 6 - Nelson Riddle, American bandleader (b. 1921)
- October 10 - Yul Brynner, American actor (b. 1915)
- October 10 - Orson Welles, American film director (b. 1915)
- October 12 - Johnny Olson, American game show announcer (b. 1910)
- October 22 - Thomas Townsend Brown, American scientist (b. 1905)
- October 31 - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (b. 1913)
November
December
Nobel prizes
- Physics - Klaus von Klitzing
- Chemistry - Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle
- Literature - Claude Simon
- Peace - International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
- Economics - Franco Modigliani
- Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein
Templeton Prize
Right Livelihood Award
- Theo van Boven, Cary Fowler / Pat Mooney / Rural Advancement Fund International, Lokayan / Rajni Kothari and Duna Kör
1985 in fiction
Film
- Set in 1985:
- The Back to the Future trilogy (1985, 1989, 1990) is principally set in 1985; it is the time from which the main character Marty McFly first travels and to which he subsequently and ultimately returns.
- The Wedding Singer (1998)
Literature
- The Third World War, August 1985 (1978) and The Third World War: The Untold Story (1982) by Sir John Hackett: The Soviet Union invades Western Europe over three weeks in August.
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