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1977
From Encyclopedia Jr, free information reference for Kids
| 1977 by topic: |
| Arts |
Architecture - Art - Film - Literature
Music (Country, UK) - Television - Home video |
| Science and technology |
Archaeology - Aviation
Meteorology - Rail transport - Radio - Science |
| By country |
Australia - Canada - France - Germany - India
Ireland - Malaysia - Mexico - New Zealand - Pakistan
Singapore - South Africa - UK - Wales - Zimbabwe |
| Other topics |
| Awards - Sport - Law - State leaders - Sovereign states - Religious leaders - Video gaming |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births - Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments - Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| Works |
1977 in other calendars
| Gregorian calendar |
1977
MCMLXXVII |
| Ab urbe condita |
2730 |
| Armenian calendar |
1426
ԹՎ ՌՆԻԶ |
| Chinese calendar |
4673 – 4674
丙辰 – 丁巳 |
| Ethiopian calendar |
1969 – 1970 |
| Hebrew calendar |
5737 – 5738 |
| Hindu calendars |
|
| - Vikram Samvat |
2032 – 2033 |
| - Shaka Samvat |
1899 – 1900 |
| - Kali Yuga |
5078 – 5079 |
| Iranian calendar |
1355 – 1356 |
| Islamic calendar |
1397 – 1398 |
- For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album).
1977 (MCMLXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday.
Events
January
Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the United States.
February
March
- March 4 - The 1977 Bucharest Earthquake kills 1,500.
- March 5 - Formula One driver Tom Pryce dies after colliding with a marshall at the South African Grand Prix in Kyalami.
- March 7 - March 30 - Queen Elizabeth II visits Australia.
- March 8 - State Opening of the Australian Parliament, Canberra by Queen Elizabeth II.
- March 9 - Approximately a dozen armed Hanafi Muslims take over 3 buildings in Washington, DC, killing 1 person and taking more than 130 hostages. The hostage situation ends 2 days later.
- March 12 - The Centenary Test between Australia and England begins at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.
- March 15 - The television show Three's Company debuts on ABC.
- March 15 - Tenor Luciano Pavarotti and the PBS opera series Live from the Met both make their American television debuts. Pavarotti stars in a complete production of Puccini's La Boheme.
- March 17 - March 23 - Prince Charles visits Ghana.
- March 23 - March 25 - Queen Elizabeth II visits Papua New Guinea.
- March 27 - Tenerife disaster: a collision between KLM and PanAm Boeing 747s at Tenerife, Canary Islands, kills 583 (the worst plane crash ever).
- March 31 - Queen Elizabeth II visits Muscat.
April
- April 1 - Hay-on-Wye declares independence.
- April 7 - German Federal Prosecutor Siegfried Buback and his driver are shot by two Red Army Faction members while waiting at a red light near his home in Karlsruhe. "The Ulrike Meinhof Commando" later claims responsibility.
- April 7 - The Toronto Blue Jays play their first-ever game of baseball against the Chicago White Sox.
- April 8 - Punk band The Clash's debut album The Clash is released in the UK on CBS Records.
- April 11 - London Transport's Silver Jubilee buses are launched.
- April 22 - First use of optical fiber to carry live telephone traffic.
- April 27 - The Guatemala City air disaster kills 28 people.
- April 28 - A Stuttgart court sentences RAF members Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe to life imprisonment.
May
- May 3 - HMS Invincible is launched at Barrow-in-Furness by Queen Elizabeth II.
- May 5 - Silver Jubilee review of the British police at Hendon Police College by Queen Elizabeth II.
- May 7 - Pierre Elliot Trudeau does a pirouette behind the back of Queen Elizabeth II.
- May 7 - Marie Myriam wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1977 for France with her song L'oiseau et l'enfant ("The Bird and the Child").
- May 13 - The Silver Jubilee Air Fair is held at Biggin Hill.
- May 14 - The 1977 IAS Cargo Boeing 707 airplane crash in Lusaka, Zambia kills all 6 on board.
- May 14 - In Milan, Italy, during a demonstration of the far-left, some hooded extremist shoots at the police, killing a policeman, Antonino Custrà. The scene is photographed and the picture [1] of the hooded man shooting in the middle of the street will appear in many magazines around the world.
- May 17 - The Likud Party, led by Menachem Begin, wins the elections in Israel.
- May 17 - Queen Elizabeth II commences her Jubilee tour in Glasgow.
- May 18 - Queen Elizabeth II visits Cumbernauld and Stirling.
- May 19 - Queen Elizabeth II visits Perth and Dundee.
- May 23 - Scientists report using bacteria in a lab to make insulin.
- May 23 - Moluccan terrorists take over a school in Bovensmilde, northern Netherlands (105 hostages), and a passenger train in Bovensmilde-Assen route nearby (90 hostages) at the same time. On June 11, Dutch Royal Marines storm the train; 6 terrorists and 2 hostages are killed.
- May 23 - May 27 - Queen Elizabeth II visits Edinburgh.
- May 25 - Star Wars opens in cinemas (later renamed Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope) and becomes a blockbuster hit.
- May 26 - George Willig climbs the South Tower of the World Trade Center.
- May 27 - Queen Elizabeth II opens the new Air Terminal Building at Edinburgh Airport.
- May 27 - An Aeroflot plane crashes in Cuba, killing 69 people.
- May 28 - Climax of Windsor celebrations: Queen Elizabeth II visits the town during her Silver Jubilee tour.
- May 28 - In Southgate, Kentucky, the Beverly Hills Supper Club is engulfed in fire, killing 165 inside.
- May 29 - Indianapolis 500-Mile Race: A.J. Foyt becomes the first driver to win a to date record four times.
- May 30 - A gala performance for the Silver Jubilee is held at the Royal Opera House, London.
June
- June 5 - A coup takes place in Seychelles.
- June 5 - The first Apple II computers go on sale.
- June 6-June 9 - Jubilee celebrations are held in the United Kingdom to celebrate twenty-five years of Elizabeth II's reign.
- June 7 - After campaigning by Anita Bryant and her anti-gay "Save Our Children" crusade, Dade County, Florida voters overwhelmingly vote to repeal the county's gay rights ordinance, igniting a wave of violence against gays across the United States.
- June 10 - James Earl Ray escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee (he is recaptured on June 13).
- June 15 - Spain has its first democratic elections, after 41 years under the Franco regime.
- June 20 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules that states are not required to spend Medicaid funds on elective abortions.
- June 20 - Anglia Television broadcasts the fake documentary "Alternative 3", which enters into the conspiracy theory canon.
- June 22 - Robert Hillsborough, a gay San Franciscan, is brutally stabbed to death just steps from his home by 4 youths.
- June 25 - American Roy Sullivan is struck by lightning for the 7th time.
- June 26 - Some 200,000 protesters march through the streets of San Francisco, protesting Anita Bryant's anti-gay remarks and Robert Hillsborough's murder.
July
- July 4 - Manchester United manager Tommy Docherty is sensationally sacked by the club's directors.
- July 5 - General Mohammed Zia ul-Haq overthrows Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the very first elected Prime Minister of Pakistan.
- July 13 - The New York City Blackout of 1977 lasts for 25 hours and results in looting and other disorder.
- July 15 - Anti-drug campaigner Donald Mackay disappears near Griffith, New South Wales (presumed murdered).
- July 22 - The purged Chinese Communist leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power as the "Gang of Four" is expelled from the Communist Party of China.
- July 28 - The first oil through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System reaches Valdez, Alaska.
- July 30 - Left-wing German terrorists Susanne Albrecht[2], Brigitte Mohnhaupt[3] and a third person assassinate Jürgen Ponto[4], chairman of the Dresdner Bank in Oberursel, West Germany.
August
- August 3 - United States Senate hearings on MKULTRA are held.
- August 4 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs legislation creating the United States Department of Energy.
- August 10 - David Berkowitz is captured in Yonkers, New York, after over one year of murders in New York City as the Son Of Sam.
- August 12 - The NASA Space Shuttle makes its first test flight off the back of a jetliner.
- August 15 - The Big Ear, a radio telescope operated by The Ohio State University as part of the SETI project, receives a radio signal from deep space; the event is named the "WOW!" signal for a notation made by a volunteer on the project.
- August 16 - Music icon Elvis Presley dies in Memphis, Tennessee.
- August 20 - Voyager program: The United States launches the Voyager 2 spacecraft.
September
- September 3 - The Commodore PET computer is first sold.
- September 5 - Voyager program: Voyager 1 is launched after a brief delay.
- September 5 - German Autumn: Hanns-Martin Schleyer, President of the Employers Association, is kidnapped in Cologne, West Germany. The kidnappers kill 3 escorting police officers and his chauffeur. They demand the release of Red Army Faction prisoners.
- September 6 - Steve Biko suffers a massive head injury in police custody in South Africa.
- September 7 - Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The U.S. agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century.
- September 8 - INTERPOL issues a resolution against the piracy of video tapes and other material, which is still cited in warnings on opening pre-credits of videocassettes and DVDs today.
- September 10 - Hamida Djandoubi's is the last guillotine execution in France.
- September 11 - The last "wild" infection of smallpox is reported in Somalia.
- September 16 - Talking Heads' debut album Talking Heads: 77 is released.
- September 21 - A nuclear non-proliferation pact is signed by 15 countries, including the United States and the USSR.
- September 28 - The Porsche 928 debuts at the Geneva Auto Convention.
October
- October 13 - German Autumn: Four Palestinians hijack a Lufthansa Airlines flight to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction. (See Lufthansa Flight 181)
- October 17-October 18 - German Autumn: GSG 9 troopers storm a hijacked Lufthansa passenger plane in Mogadishu, Somalia; 3 of the 4 hijackers die.
- October 18 - German Autumn: Red Army Faction members Andreas Baader, Jan-Carl Raspe and Gudrun Ensslin commit suicide in Stammheim prison; Irmgard Möller fails (their supporters still claim they were murdered). They are buried October 27.
- October 18 - Reggie Jackson blasts 3 home runs to lead the New York Yankees to World Series victory.
- October 19 - German Autumn: Kidnapped industrialist Hanns-Martin Schleyer is found killed in Mulhouse, France.
- October 20 - Three members of the rock group Lynyrd Skynyrd die in a charter plane crash outside Gillsburg, Mississippi.
- October 21 - The European Patent Institute is founded.
- October 26 - The last natural case of smallpox is discovered in Merca district, Somalia. The WHO and the CDC consider this date the anniversary of the eradication of smallpox, the most spectacular success of vaccination and, by extension, of modern science.
- October 28 - Hong Kong police forces attack the ICAC headquarters.
- October 28 - Never Mind The Bollocks Here's The Sex Pistols is released in the UK.
November
- November 2 - The worst storm in Athens' modern history causes havoc across the Greek capital and kills 38 people.
- November 6 - The Kelly Barnes Dam, located above Toccoa Falls Bible College near Toccoa, Georgia fails, killing 39.
- November 10 - Never Mind The Bollocks Here's The Sex Pistols is released in the U.S..
- November 19 - Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to officially visit Israel, when he meets with Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and speaks before the Knesset in Jerusalem, seeking a permanent peace settlement (much of the Arab world is outraged by the visit).
- November 22 - British Airways inaugurates regular London to New York City supersonic Concorde service.
December
- December 1 - First flight of Lockheed's top-secret stealth project aircraft designated Have Blue, the precursor to the US F-117A Nighthawk.
- December 4 - Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic, crowns himself Emperor.
- December 4 - Malaysia Airlines Flight 653 is hijacked and crashed in Johor, Malaysia, killing 100.
- December 4 - The film Saturday Night Fever is released.
- December 16 - Dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov's production of Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker is shown on television for the first time (on CBS). Over the years, it will become the most often watched television production of the ballet, eventually switching over to PBS.
Unknown dates
- 2060 Chiron, first of the outer solar system asteroids known as Centaurs, discovered by Charlie Kowal.
- Color TV Game 6 is created by Nintendo.
- Portugal's traditional naming conventions change such that children's surnames can come from either the mother or the father, not just from the father.
- Chiara Lubich is awarded the Templeton Prize.
- Soviet National Anthem's lyrics are returned after a 24 year period, with Stalin's name omitted.
- Eurocommunism seeks to redefine Marxism in Western Europe.
- Australian rock group INXS is formed.
Births
January
- January 1 - Jerry Yan, Taiwanese actor and singer
- January 3 - Mayumi Iizuka, Japanese voice actress (seiyū)
- January 7 - Michelle Behennah, British model
- January 7 - John Gidding, American actor and architect
- January 7 - Dustin Diamond, American actor
- January 8 - Amber Benson, American actress
- January 13 - Orlando Bloom, British actor
- January 18- Curtis Cregan, American actor
- January 22 - Hidetoshi Nakata, Japanese footballer
- January 26 - Vince Carter, American basketball player
- January 28 - Lyle Overbay, American Baseball player
- January 28 - Daunte Culpepper, American football player
- January 28 - Joey Fatone, American musician
- January 31 - Mark Dutiaume, Canadian hockey player
February
- February 2 - Gavin DeGraw, American musician
- February 2 - Shakira, Colombian musician
- February 3 - Daddy Yankee, Puerto Rican musician
- February 5 - Ben Ainslie, British sailor
- February 8 - Bridgette Kerkove, American actress
- February 8 - Yucef Merhi, Venezuelan artist
- February 11 - Randy Moss, American football player
- February 11 - Mike Shinoda, American musician
- February 16 - Ian Clarke, Irish computer scientist
- February 18 - Sean Watkins, American guitarist and songwriter
- February 19 - Gianluca Zambrotta, Italian footballer
- February 20 - Stephon Marbury, American basketball player
- February 21 - Kevin Rose, American television host
- February 23 - Kristina Šmigun, Estonian skier
March-April
- March 1 - Rens Blom, Dutch athlete
- March 2 - Heather McComb, American actress
- March 3 - Ronan Keating, Irish singer
- March 4 - Jason Marsalis, American jazz musician
- March 5 - Wally Szczerbiak, Spanish-born basketball player
- March 7 - Mitja Zastrow, German-born swimmer
- March 8 - James Van Der Beek, American Actor
- March 10- Colin Murray, British radio disc jockey
- March 11 - Becky Hammon, American basketball player
- March 11 - Jason Greeley, Canadian singer
- March 16 - Ben Kenney, bassist of the US american alternative rock band Incubus
- March 18 - Zdeno Chara, Czechoslovakian ( now Slovakia) hockey player
- April 9 - Gerard Way, American singer (My Chemical Romance)
- April 14 - Sarah Michelle Gellar, American actress
- April 14 - Chandra Levy, American federal government intern (d. 2001)
- April 16 - Fredrik Ljungberg, Swedish footballer
- April 21 - Jamie Salé, Canadian figure skater
- April 23 - Mariusz Pudzianowski, Polish strongman
- April 23 - Andruw Jones, Antillean baseball player
- April 23 - John Cena, American professional wrestler
- April 24 - Carlos Beltrán, Puerto Rican baseball player
- April 24 - Siarhiej Bałachonaŭ, Belarusian writer
- April 26 - Jason Earles, American actor
- April 26 - Tom Welling, American actor
May-June
- May 10 - Nick Heidfeld, German race car driver
- May 12 - Graeme Dott, Scottish snooker player
- May 13 - Samantha Morton, British actress
- May 14 - Roy Halladay, American baseball player
- May 14 - Ada Nicodemou, Australian actress
- May 23 - Ilia Kulik, Russian figure skater
- May 26 - Misaki Ito, Japanese actress
- May 28 - Elisabeth Hasselbeck, American talkshow host
- May 30 - Rachael Stirling British actress
- May 31 - Joel Ross, British disc jockey
- May 31 - Debbie King, British television presenter
- June 1 - Danielle Harris, American voice actress
- June 7 - Marcin Baszczyński, Polish footballer
- June 8 - Kanye West, American rapper and record producer
- June 9 - Roopa Mishra, Indian civil servant
- June 9 - Peja Stojakovic, Serbian basketball player
- June 14 - Chris McAlister, American football player
- June 16 - Kerry Wood, baseball player
- June 19 - Peter Warrick, American football player
- June 20 - Stefán H. Ófeigsson, Icelandic engineer
- June 27 - Raúl, Spanish footballer
- June 27 - Arkadiusz Radomski, Polish footballer
July
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