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1970
From Encyclopedia Jr, free information reference for Kids
| 1970 by topic: |
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| Births - Deaths |
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| Establishments - Disestablishments |
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| Works |
1970 in other calendars
| Gregorian calendar |
1970
MCMLXX |
| Ab urbe condita |
2723 |
| Armenian calendar |
1419
ԹՎ ՌՆԺԹ |
| Chinese calendar |
4666 – 4667
己酉 – 庚戌 |
| Ethiopian calendar |
1962 – 1963 |
| Hebrew calendar |
5730 – 5731 |
| Hindu calendars |
|
| - Vikram Samvat |
2025 – 2026 |
| - Shaka Samvat |
1892 – 1893 |
| - Kali Yuga |
5071 – 5072 |
| Iranian calendar |
1348 – 1349 |
| Islamic calendar |
1390 – 1391 |
1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). 1970 is the Unix epoch time.
Events
January
- January 1 - Construction begins on Arcosanti, by Paolo Soleri, in Mayer, Arizona, 65 miles north of Phoenix, Arizona.
- January 1 - The Unix epoch begins at 00:00:00 UTC.
- January 5 - The first episode of All My Children is broadcast on the ABC television network.
- January 12 - Biafra capitulates, ending the Nigerian civil war.
- January 15 - After a 32-month fight for independence from Nigeria, Biafran forces under General Effiong formally surrender to General Yakubu Gowon.
February
- February 11 - Osumi, Japan's first satellite, is launched on a Lamba-4 rocket.
- February 17 - MacDonald family massacre: Jeffrey R. MacDonald kills his wife and children at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, claiming that drugged-out "hippies" did it.
- February 18 - A jury finds the Chicago Seven defendants not guilty of conspiring to incite a riot, in charges stemming from the violence at the 1968 Democratic National Convention. Five of the defendants are found guilty on the lesser charge of crossing state lines to incite riot.
- February 20 - Construction begins on the Bogazici Bridge crossing the Bosphorus in Istanbul.
March
- March 1 - Rhodesia severs its last tie with the United Kingdom, declaring itself a racially-segregated republic.
- March 5 - The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty goes into effect, after ratification by 43 nations.
- March 11 - Henry Marrow is murdered in a violent hate crime in Oxford, North Carolina.
- March 15 - The Expo '70 World's Fair opens in Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- March 16 - The complete New English Bible is published.
- March 17 - My Lai massacre: The United States Army charges 14 officers with suppressing information related to the incident.
- March 18 - General Lon Nol ousts Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.
- March 18 - United States Postal Service workers in New York City go on strike; the strike spreads to the state of California and the cities of Akron, Philadelphia, Chicago, Boston, and Denver; 210,000 out of 750,000 U.S. postal employees walk out. President Nixon assigns military units to New York City post offices. The strike lasts 2 weeks.
- March 21 - The first Earth Day proclamation is issued by San Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto.
- March 21 - All Kinds of Everything sung by Dana (music and text by Derry Lindsay and Jackie Smith) wins Eurovision Song Contest 1970 for Ireland.
- March 25 - The Concorde makes its first supersonic flight (700 mph/1127 km/h).
- March 31 - NASA's Explorer I, the first American artificial satellite and the first of the Explorer program spacecrafts, reenters Earth's atmosphere after 12 years in orbit.
April
- April 1 - President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law, banning cigarette television advertisements in the United States, starting on January 1, 1971.
- April 1 - American Motors introduces the Gremlin.
- April 10 - Paul McCartney announces that the Beatles have disbanded, while at the same press conference, announcing the release of his new solo album.
- April 11 - Apollo program: Apollo 13 (Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, Jack Swigert) is launched toward the Moon. On April 13, an oxygen tank in the spacecraft explodes, forcing the crew to abort the mission. They return safely to Earth on April 17.
- April 22 - The first Earth Day is celebrated in the U.S.
- April 24 - China's first satellite (Dong Fang Hong 1) is launched with a Long March-1 Rocket(CZ-1).
- April 29 - The U.S. invades Cambodia to hunt out the Viet Cong; massive antiwar protests occur in the U.S.
May
- May 1 - Twelve thousand demonstrate against the trial of the New Haven Nine, Bobby Seale, and Ericka Huggins.
- May 4 - The Kent State shootings: Four students at Kent State University in Ohio are killed and 9 wounded by National Guardsmen at a demonstration protesting against the incursion into Cambodia.
- May 5 - The Sahastrara of Universe is opened by Nirmala Srivastava (Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi), the founder of Sahaja Yoga.
- May 6 - Arms Crisis in the Republic of Ireland: Charles Haughey and Neil Blaney are dismissed as members of the Irish Government, due to accusations of their involvement in a plot to import arms for use by the IRA in Northern Ireland.
- May 6 - Feyenoord wins the European Cup after a 2-1 win over Celtic.
- May 9 - One hundred thousand people demonstrate in Washington, DC against the Vietnam War.
- May 11 - Lubbock Tornado: An F5 tornado hits downtown Lubbock, TX, the first to hit a downtown district of a major city since Topeka, Kansas in 1966 (28 are killed).
- May 14 - Ulrike Meinhof helps Andreas Baader escape.
- May 14 - In the second day of violent demonstrations at Jackson State College in Jackson, Mississippi, state law enforcement officers fire into the demonstrators, killing two and injuring 12.
- May 17 - Thor Heyerdahl sets sail from Morocco on the papyrus boat Ra II, to sail the Atlantic Ocean.
- May 23 - A fire occurs in the Britannia Bridge over the Menai Straits in north Wales, contributing to its partial destruction and amounting to approximately £1,000,000 worth of fire damage.
- May 24 - The drilling of the Kola Superdeep Borehole begins in the USSR.
- May 26 - The Soviet Tupolev Tu-144 becomes the first commercial transport to exceed Mach 2.
- May 27 - A British expedition climbs the south face of Annapurna I.
- May 31 - The Ancash earthquake causes a landslide that buries the town of Yungay, Peru; more than 47,000 people are killed.
- May 31 - The 1970 FIFA World Cup is inaugurated in Mexico.
June
- June 2 - Norway announces that it has rich oil deposits off its North Sea coast.
- June 4 - Tonga gains independence from the United Kingdom.
- June 10 - President Nixon signs a measure lowering the voting age to 18.
- June 11 - The United States gets its first female generals: Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington.
- June 18 - Edward Heath is elected Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the general election
- June 21 - Brazil defeat Italy 4-1 to win the 1970 FIFA World Cup.
- June 24 - The United States Senate repeals the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
- June 28 - U.S. ground troops withdraw from Cambodia.
July
- July 1 - Colorado State College changes its name to University of Northern Colorado.
- July 4 - A chartered Dan-Air Comet crashes into the mountains north of Barcelona; at least 112 are killed.
- July 4 - Bob Hope and other entertainers gather in New York City for Honor America Day, a nonpartisan holiday event.
- July 11 - The first tunnel under the Pyrenees links the Basque towns of Aranoutes and Biesma.
- July 16 - Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh opens.
- July 21 - The Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed.
- July 30 - Damages are awarded to Thalidomide victims.
August
- August 7 - Harold Haley, Marin County Superior Court Judge, is taken hostage and murdered, in an effort to free George Jackson from police custody.
- August 17-18 - The U.S. sinks 418 containers of nerve gas into the Gulf Stream near the Bahamas.
- August 17 - Venera program: Venera 7 is launched. It will later becomes the first spacecraft to successfully transmit data from another planet.
- August 26 - The Women's Strike For Equality takes place down Fifth Avenue in New York City.
- August 26- August 30- The Isle of Wight Festival 1970 takes place on East Afton Farm off the coast of England. Some 600,000 people attend the largest rock festival of all time. Artists include Jimi Hendrix, The Who, The Doors, Chicago, Richie Havens, John Sebastian, Joan Baez, Ten Years After, Emerson, Lake & Palmer and Jethro Tull.
September
- September 1 - An assassination attempt against King Hussein of Jordan precipitates the Black September crisis.
- September 4 - Salaheddin Ali Nader Shah Angha receives the Official leadership of the Oveyssi Sufi order and receives the "Robe of Faghr", by his father, Shah Maghsoud Sadegh Angha.
- September 3-6 - Israeli forces fight Palestinian guerillas in southern Lebanon.
- September 5 - Vietnam War: Operation Jefferson Glenn begins - The United States 101st Airborne Division and the South Vietnamese 1st Infantry Division initiate a new operation in Thua Thien Province (the operation ends in October 1971).
- September 7 - An anti-war rally is held at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, attended by John Kerry, Jane Fonda and Donald Sutherland.
- September 7 - Fighting breaks out between Arab guerillas and government forces in Amman, Jordan.
- September 8-10 - Jordanian government and Palestinian guerillas make truces they keep breaking.
- September 9 - Guinea recognizes East Germany.
- September 9 - Elvis Presley begins his first concert tour since 1958 in Phoenix, Arizona at the Veterans Memorial Coliseum.
- September 10 – Cambodian government forces break the siege of Kompong Tho after 3 months.
- September 11 - The Ford Pinto is introduced.
- September 13 - The first New York City Marathon begins.
- September 15 - King Hussein of Jordan forms a military government with Muhammad Daoud as the prime minister.
- September 18 - Jimi Hendrix dies of a barbiturate overdose in London.
- September 19 - Kostas Georgakis sets himself ablaze in Genoa, Italy as a protest against the Greek military junta of 1967-1974
- September 20 - Syrian armored forces cross the Jordanian border.
- September 20-21 - Luna 16 lands on the Moon and lifts off the day later with samples. It lands on Earth September 24.
- September 21 - Palestinian armored forces reinforce Palestinian guerillas in Irbidi, Jordan.
- September 22 - Tunku Abdul Rahman resigns as prime minister of Malaysia, and is succeeded by his deputy Tun Abdul Razak.
- September 26 - The Laguna Fire starts in San Diego County, burning 175,425 acres (710 km²).
- September 27 - Richard Nixon begins a tour of Europe, visiting Italy, Yugoslavia, Spain, the United Kingdom and Ireland.
- September 28 - Gamal Abdal Nasser dies; Vice President Anwar Sadat is named temporary president of Egypt.
- September 29 - The U.S. Congress gives President Richard Nixon authority to sell arms to Israel.
- September 29 - In Berlin, Baader-Meinhof Gang members rob 3 banks, with loot totaling over DM200,000.
October
- October 2 - The Wichita State University football team's "Gold" plane crashes in Colorado, killing most of the players. They were on their way (along with administrators and fans) to a game with Utah State University.
- October 3 - In Lebanon, the government of Prime Minister Rashid Karami resigns.
- October 4 - In Bolivia, Army Commander General Rogelio Miranda and a group of officers rebel and demand the resignation of President Alfredo Ovando Candía, who fires him.
- October 4 - Janis Joplin dies of a heroin overdose inside her hotel room in Los Angeles, California.
- October 5 - U.S. President Richard Nixon's European tour ends.
- October 5 - The Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ) kidnaps James Cross in Montreal and demands release of all its imprisoned members. The next day the Canadian government announces it won't meet the demand, beginning Quebec's October Crisis.
- October 5 - The Public Broadcasting Service begins broadcasting.
- October 6 - Bolivian President Alfredo Ovando Candía resigns; General Rogelio Miranda takes over but resigns soon after.
- October 6 - French President Georges Pompidou visits the Soviet Union.
- October 7 - General Juan José Torres becomes the new President of Bolivia.
- October 7 - Anwar Sadat is accepted as Egyptian president.
- October 8 - The U.S. Foreign Office announces that renewal of arms sales to Pakistan.
- October 8 - Soviet author Alexander Solzhenitsyn is awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.
- October 8 - Vietnam War: In Paris, a Communist delegation rejects U.S. President Richard Nixon's October 7 peace proposal as "a maneuver to deceive world opinion."
- October 9 - The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia.
- October 9 - Divorce is legalized in Italy.
- October 10 - Fiji becomes independent.
- October 10 - October Crisis: In Montreal, Quebec, a national crisis hits Canada when Quebec Vice-Premier and Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte becomes the second statesman kidnapped by members of the FLQ terrorist group.
- October 11 - Eleven French soldiers are killed in a shootout with rebels in Chad.
- October 12 - Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will withdraw 40,000 more troops before Christmas.
- October 13 - Canada and the People's Republic of China establish diplomatic relations.
- October 13 - Saeb Salam forms a government in Lebanon.
- October 14 - A Chinese nuclear test is conducted in Lop Nor.
- October 15 - In Egypt, a referendum supports Anwar Sadat 90.04%.
- October 15 - A section of the new West Gate Bridge in Melbourne collapses into the river below, killing 35 construction workers.
- October 16 - October Crisis: The Canadian government declares a state of emergency and outlaws the Quebec Liberation Front.
- October 17 - October Crisis: Pierre Laporte is found killed in south Montreal.
- October 17 - A cholera epidemic breaks out in Istanbul.
- October 17 - Anwar Sadat officially becomes President of Egypt.
- October 20 - The Soviet Union launches the Zond 8 lunar probe.
- October 20 - Algerian ex-minister Krim Belkacem is found strangled in his hotel room in Frankfurt.
- October 20 - Egyptian president Anwar Sadat names Mahmoud Fawzi as his prime minister.
- October 21 - A U.S. Air Force plane makes an emergency landing near Leninakan, Soviet Union. The Soviets release the American officers, including 2 generals, November 10.
- October 22 - Chilean army commander Rene Schneider is shot in Santiago; the government declares a state of emergency. Schneider dies October 25.
- October 24 - Salvador Allende is elected President of Chile.
- October 26 - U.S. and Soviet space researchers meet in Moscow.
- October 26 - Garry Trudeau's comic strip Doonesbury debuts in approximately two dozen newspapers in the United States.
- October 28 - In Jordan, the government of Ahmed Toukan resigns; the next prime minister is Wasfi Al-Tal.
- October 28 - A cholera outbreak in eastern Slovakia causes Hungary to close its border with Czechoslovakia.
- October 28 - Gary Gabelich drives the rocket-powered Blue Flame to an official world land speed record of 622.287 mph (1,001.452863 km/h) on the dry lake bed of the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah. The record, the first above 1,000 km/h, stands for nearly 13 years.
- October 30 - In Vietnam, the worst monsoon to hit the area in 6 years causes large floods, kills 293, leaves 200,000 homeless and virtually halts the Vietnam War.
November
- November 1 - Fire destroys the Le Cinq Sept dance hall in St. Laurent Du Pont, France; 144 dead.
- November 3 - Democrats sweep the U.S. Congressional midterm elections.
- November 4 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - The United States turns control of the air base in the Mekong Delta to South Vietnam.
- November 4 - Social workers in Los Angeles, California take custody of Genie, a girl who had been kept in solitary confinement since her birth.
- November 5 - Vietnam War: The United States Military Assistance Command in Vietnam reports the lowest weekly American soldier death toll in 5 years (24 soldiers died that week, which was the fifth consecutive week the death toll was below 50; 431 were reported wounded that week, however).
- November 8 - Egypt, Libya and Sudan announce their intentions to form a federation.
- November 9 - Charles de Gaulle dies; he is buried November 13.
- November 9 - The Soviet Union launches Luna 17.
- November 9 - Vietnam War: The Supreme Court of the United States votes 6-3 not to hear a case by the state of Massachusetts, about the constitutionality of a state law granting Massachusetts residents the right to refuse military service in an undeclared war.
- November 10 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - For the first time in 5 years, an entire week ends with no reports of United States combat fatalities in Southeast Asia.
- November 12 - Soviet author Andrei Amalrik is sentenced to 3 years for 'anti-Soviet' writings.
- November 13 - Hafez al-Assad comes to power in Syria, following a military coup.
- November 13 - 1970 Bhola cyclone: A 120-mph tropical cyclone hits the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), killing an estimated 500,000 people (this is regarded as the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster).
- November 14 - A fatal airplane accident in Wayne County, West Virginia, claims the lives of all 75 onboard, including 37 players and five coaches from the Marshall University football team.
- November 17 - Vietnam War: Lieutenant William Calley goes on trial for the My Lai massacre.
- November 17 - Luna program: The Soviet Union lands Lunokhod 1 on Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains) on the Moon. This is the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world, and is released by the orbiting Luna 17 spacecraft.
- November 18 - U.S. President Richard Nixon asks the U.S. Congress for US$155 million in supplemental aid for the Cambodian government (US$85 million is for military assistance to prevent the overthrow of the government of Premier Lon Nol by the Khmer Rouge and North Vietnam).
- [[November 18] - The United Nations Security Council demands that no government recognize Rhodesia.
- November 19 - EEC prime ministers meet in Munich.
- November 21 - Syrian Prime Minister Hafez al-Assad forms a new government but retains the post of defense minister.
- November 21 - In Ethiopia, the Eritrean Liberation Front kills an Ethiopian general.
- November 21 - Vietnam War: Operation Ivory Coast - A joint Air Force and Army team raids the Son Tay prison camp in an attempt to free American POWs thought to be held there (no Americans are killed, but the prisoners have already moved to another camp; all U.S. POWs are moved to a handful of central prison complexes as a result of this raid).
- November 22 - Guinean president Sekou Toure accuses Portugal of an attack when hundreds of mercenaries land near the capital Conakry.
- November 23-November 24 - The Guinean army repels the landing attempts.
- November 25-29 A UN delegation arrives to investigate the Guinea situation.
- November 25 - In Japan, world-famous author and Tatenokai militia leader Yukio Mishima and his followers take over the Ichigaya headquarters of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, and take General Kanetoshi Mashita hostage. When Mishima's speech fails to sway public opinion towards his right-wing political beliefs, he commits seppuku.
- November 26 - East Pakistan leader Sheik Mujibur Rahman accuses the central government of negligence in catastrophe relief.
- November 26 - Pope Paul VI begins an Asian tour.
- November 27 - Bolivian artist Benjamin Mendoza tries to assassinate Pope Paul VI during his visit in Manila.
December
- December 1 - The Italian House of Representatives accepts the new divorce law.
- December 1 - Ethiopia recognizes the People's Republic of China.
- December 1 - The Basque ETA kidnaps West German Eugen Beihl in San Sebastian.
- December 1 - Luis Echeverría Álvarez becomes president of Mexico.
- December 2 - The United States Environmental Protection Agency begins operations.
- December 3 - October Crisis: In Montreal, Quebec, kidnapped British Trade Commissioner James Cross is released by the Front de Libération du Québec terrorist group after being held hostage for 60 days. Police negotiate his release and in return the Government of Canada grants five terrorists from the FLQ's Chenier Cell their request for safe passage to Cuba.
- December 3 - Burgos Trial: In Burgos, Spain, a trial begins of 16 Basques terrorism suspects.
- December 4 - The Spanish government declares a 3-month martial law in the Basque county of Guipuzco, due to strikes and demonstrations.
- December 4 - The U.N. announces that Portuguese navy and army units were responsible for the attempted invasion of Guinea.
- December 5 - The Asian and Australian tour of Pope Paul VI ends.
- December 7 - Giovanni Enrico Bucher, the Swiss ambassador to Brazil, is kidnapped in Rio de Janeiro; kidnappers demand the release of 70 political prisoners.
- December 7 - The UN General Assembly supports the isolation of South Africa due to its apartheid policies.
- December 7 - During his visit to the Polish capital, German Chancellor Willy Brandt goes down on his knees in front of a monument to the victims of the Warsaw Ghetto.
- December 12 - A landslide in western
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