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1913
From Encyclopedia Jr, free information reference for Kids
| 1913 by topic: |
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| Establishments - Disestablishments |
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| Works |
1913 in other calendars
| Gregorian calendar |
1913
MCMXIII |
| Ab urbe condita |
2666 |
| Armenian calendar |
1362
ԹՎ ՌՅԿԲ |
| Chinese calendar |
4609 – 4610
壬子 – 癸丑 |
| Ethiopian calendar |
1905 – 1906 |
| Hebrew calendar |
5673 – 5674 |
| Hindu calendars |
|
| - Vikram Samvat |
1968 – 1969 |
| - Shaka Samvat |
1835 – 1836 |
| - Kali Yuga |
5014 – 5015 |
| Iranian calendar |
1291 – 1292 |
| Islamic calendar |
1331 – 1332 |
1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. (click on link for calendar)
Events
January
- January 13 - Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated, a Service Sorority, is founded on the campus of Howard University by twenty-two collegiate women
- January 23 - Military coup in Ottoman Empire lead by Enver Pasha, the CUP overthrew the Liberal Union coalition and introduced a military dictatorship (Coup of 1913)
- January 30 - House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill
February
- February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Terminal opens as the world's largest train station.
- February 3 - The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income tax.
- February 3 - Trial of the remnants of the Bonnot gang begins.
- February 17 - The Armory Show opens in New York City. It displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century
- February 27 - Freezing weather stops everything in Balkans
March
- March - Outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia when the House of Romanov celebrate the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throne
- March 4 - End of term for President of the United States William Howard Taft. He is succeeded by Thomas Woodrow Wilson.
- March 10 - Civil Rights activist Harriet Tubman dies of pneumonia
- March 12 - Canberra becomes the federal capital of Australia
- March 13 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa returns to Mexico from his self-imposed exile in USA
- March 18 - George I of Greece is assassinated.
- March 20 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (KMT) is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.
- March 25 - Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadaloupe and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government as the head of "Constitutionals"
- March 25 - 2 days of rain in the Miami Valley flood the region and mark the worst natural disaster in Ohio's recorded history.
- March 26 - Balkan War: Bulgarian forces take Adrianople.
April
- April 8 - Passing of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, dictating the direct election of senators.
- April 24 - Woolworth Building opening ceremony.
- April 25 - Jessica Adam Dies of a fatal carcrash
May
June
- June - First edition of the Christian Esoteric magazine Rays from the Rose Cross in the United States; still issued bimonthly till today.
- June 4 - Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She is trampled and dies a few days later, never having regained consciousness.
- June 13 - Great Gorge and International Railway trolley and passengers are buried under the contents of an overhead garbage chute that broke in Niagara Falls, New York.
- June 15 - Bud Bagsak Massacre: US troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 relatively defenceless men, women and children, Bud Bagsak, Philippines. (Disputed: First Battle of Bud Dajo)
- June 24 - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.
July
- July 3 - Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of United States Civil War veterans and their families to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
- July 10 - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (as of 2004).
August
- August 4 - In China, province of Chungking declares independence. Chinese Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks
- August 13 - Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley in Sheffield.
- August 15 - Start of Dublin Strike & Lockout, all trade union members dismissed
- August 20 - 700 feet above Buc, France, parachutist Adolphe Pegond becomes the first person to jump from an airplane and land safely.
September
- September 19 - Francis Ouimet wins the U.S. Open by five strokes to become the first ametuer to ever win the event
- September 23 - French aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean
- September 29 - Rudolf Diesel disappears en route to Britain
- September 29 - Pancho Villa is elected commander of the "Northern Division" of the Constitutionals
October
- October 1 - Villa's troops take Torreon after a three-day battle when government troops retreat
- October 10 - US President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike thus ending construction on the Panama Canal.
- October 19 - Founding of the DLRG (German Life Saving Society)
November
December
- December 1 - Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford was not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one did spark an era of mass production).
- December 1 - Greece annexes Crete
- December 12 - Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson Iyasu V of Ethiopia.
- December 12 - Vincencio Peruggia tries to sell Mona Lisa in Florence and is arrested
- December 23 - The Federal Reserve is created by Woodrow Wilson
- December 30 - Italy returns Mona Lisa to France
Unknown Dates
- Female suffrage in Norway
- British steamship Calvadas disappears in the Marmara Sea with 200 hands on board
- First crossword puzzle appears in the World newspaper
- Black Chamber, forerunner of NSA, founded
- de Sitter: speed of light is independent of speed of source
- Sagnac: speed of light depends on speed of rotating platform
- Painting September Morn creates a national sensation in U.S.
- Camel Cigarettes were introduced
- Ela Hockaday founds The Hockaday School
- First publication of Journal of Ecology
- National Temperance Council founded to promote temperance movement
- United States Soccer Federation forms
- Crescent School founded
Births
January
- January 2 - Anna Lee, English actress (d. 2004)
- January 6 - Edward Gierek, Polish politician (d. 2001)
- January 6 - Loretta Young, American actress (d. 2000)
- January 9 - Richard M. Nixon, President of the United States (d. 1994)
- January 10 - Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d. 1991)
- January 15 - Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d. 1998)
- January 18 - Danny Kaye, American actor (d. 1987)
- January 18 - George Unwin, British fighter ace WWII (d. 2006)
- January 22 - William Cardinal Conway, Irish clergyman (d. 1977)
- January 22 - Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)
- January 24 - Norman Dello Joio, American composer
- January 25 - Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)
- January 29 - Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d. 2001)
February
- February 2 - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
- February 4 - Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)
- February 6 - Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d. 1996)
- February 13 - George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)
- February 14 - Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d. 1996)
- February 14 - Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared) (d. 1975)
- February 25 - Jim Backus, American actor (d. 1989)
- February 25 - Gert Fröbe, German actor (d. 1988)
- February 27 - Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (d. 2005)
- February 27 - Irwin Shaw, American writer (d. 1984)
March
- March 1 - Richard S.R. Fitter, British writer (d. 2005)
- March 2 - Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (d. 1971)
- March 4 - John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952)
- March 13 - William Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 1987)
- March 13 - Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer and lyricist
- March 13 - Smoky Dawson , Australian Country Singer
- March 18 - René Clément, French film director (d. 1996)
- March 21 - George Abecassis, English race car driver (d. 1991)
- March 26 - Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1996)
- March 26 - Jacqueline de Romilly, French Philologist
- March 29 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000)
- March 30 - Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 2002)
- March 30 - Frankie Laine, American singer
- March 30 - Ċensu Tabone, Maltese Politician
- March 31 - Etta Baker, American Blues Musician (d. 2006 )
April
- April 3 - Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)
- April 11 - Oleg Cassini, American fashion disigner (d. 2006)
- April 13 - Fred Davis, English snooker and billiards player (d. 1998)
- April 27 - Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor (d. 2004)
May
- May 1 - Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (d. 2005)
- May 1 - Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980)
- May 5 - Tyrone Power, American Actor (d. 1958)
- May 8 - Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d. 1937)
- May 11 - Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d. 1994)
- May 13 - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (d. 1980)
- May 16 - Woody Herman, American musician and band leader (d. 1987)
- May 20 - William Hewlett, American businessman (d. 2001)
- May 26 - Peter Cushing, English actor (d. 1994)
- May 29 - Tony Zale, American boxer (d. 1997)
June
- June 6 - Carlo L. Golino, American Scholar (d. 1991)
- June 10 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer
- June 11 - Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d. 1970)
- June 18 - Robert Mondavi, American wine maker
- June 25 - Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005)
- June 28 - Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker
July
August
- August 8 - John Facenda, American broadcaster and sports announcer (d. 1984)
- August 10 - Wolfgang Pauli, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
- August 13 - Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d.1977)
- August 16 - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
- August 17 - Rudy York, baseball player (d. 1970)
- August 17 - W. Mark Felt, American Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director and Deep Throat Watergate informant
- August 19 - Richard Simmons, American actor (d. 2003)
- August 20 - Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
- August 27 - Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d. 2006)
- August 28 - Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d. 1995)
- August 28 - Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)
- August 30 - Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
September
- September 4 - Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
- September 12 - Jesse Owens, American athlete (d. 1980)
- September 14 - Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
- September 15 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (d. 1988)
- September 19 - Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970)
- September 29 - Trevor Howard, English actor (d. 1988)
- September 29 - Stanley Kramer, American film producer, director, and writer (d. 2001)
- September 29 - Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (d. 1996)
- September 30 - Bill Walsh, American movie producer and writer (d. 1975)
October
November
- November 2 - Burt Lancaster, American actor (d. 1994)
- November 5 - Vivien Leigh, British actress (d. 1967)
- November 7 - Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
- November 9 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
- November 10 - Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d. 2005)
- November 13 - Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)
- November 15 - Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)
- November 21 - John Boulting, English film director (d.1985)
- November 21 - Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (d. 2001)
- November 22 - Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976)
December
- December 6 - Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (d. 2004)
- December 8 - Delmore Schwartz, American poet (d. 1966)
- December 10 - Morton Gould, American composer (d. 1996)
- December 10 - Harry Locke, British character actor (d. 1987)
- December 13 - Arnold Brown, Salvation Army general (d. 2002)
- December 18 - Alfred Bester, American author (d. 1987)
- December 18 - Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
- December 21 - Arnold Friberg, an American artist
- December 30 - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (d. 2002)
Deaths
- January 2 - Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)
- January 4 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (b. 1833)
- February 22 - Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (b. 1873)
- February 26 - Felix Draeseke, German composer (b. 1835)
- March 10 - Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist (b. 1820)
- March 22 - Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary (b. 1882)
- March 31 - J.P.Morgan, American financier and banker (b. 1837)
- June 5 - Chris von der Ahe, German-born brewer and baseball owner
- June 8 - Emily Davison, British suffragette (b. 1872)
- July 3 - Horatio Nelson Young, American naval hero (b. 1845)
- July 13 - Edward Burd Grubb, American Ciivl War Union Brevet Brigadier General (b. 1841)
- July 29 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1838)
- September 30 - Rudolf Diesel, German engine inventor (b. 1858)
- October 5 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)
- November 7 - Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b. 1823)
- November 22 - Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shogun (b. 1837)
- December 7 - Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman and last surviving cardinal of Pius IX (b. 1828)
- December 12 - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1844)
Date unknown
- John S. Billings, American military and medical leader (b. 1838)
Nobel Prizes
- Physics - Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes
- Chemistry - Alfred Werner
- Medicine - Charles Robert Richet
- Literature - Rabindranath Tagore
- Peace - Henri La Fontaine
Ship events
- List of ship launches in 1913
- List of ship commissionings in 1913
- List of ship decommissionings in 1913
External links
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